How does the SIP provider determine if a call is local (and doesn’t meter at long distance rates)?

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Again, this depends on the SIP provider. We’ll stick with the Broadvox answer. Like 911, it all depends on what number is out-pulsed to Broadvox. The following Broadvox products support local calling:

• BTN – Billing Telephone Number: All Broadvox Go! Trunks include one BTN. All outbound calls with the BTN as the caller ID receive unlimited local calling to the calling area of the BTN.
• ELN- Enhanced Local Number: This is an additional number that can be purchased from Broadvox. Like the BTN, all outbound calls with the ELN as the caller ID receive unlimited local calling to the calling area of that ELN. For example, a customer in Portland, Oregon has Broadvox SIP trunks. All calls to Phoenix have a Phoenix ELN as the caller ID. Broadvox sees this ELN and rates the call as local. ELNs also receive 911 registration from Broadvox.
• GoAnywhere Trunks: Since GoAnywhere trunks provide unlimited local and long distance calling in the United States (lower 48 states) and Canada, it doesn’t really matter what number is out-pulsed from the phone system to Broadvox.

Note: It is important to note that Broadvox will allow the customer’s phone system to out-pulse any 10-digit caller ID (7 digit dialing is not supported). However, if the number is not a BTN or ELN, the call will be rated as long distance (if the call is placed over a GoLocal SIP trunk). If the customer purchases VDIDs (Virtual DIDs), and out-pulses the VDID caller ID, Broadvox will still meter the call as long distance. VDIDs are primarily used for inbound calling. The BTN and ELN have to be Broadvox numbers, all others will get metered at long distance rates.